Evaluation of Pakistan Flood Response 2011/2012: Using Oxfam GB's Global Humanitarian Indicator Tool

 The people of Pakistan have suffered multiple disasters over the past decade, including but not limited to:

• 2005 – A major earthquake on the border between the then North West Frontier Province (now Khyber Pakhtunkhwa) and Pakistan administered Jammu and Kashmir leading to approximately 75,000 deaths and over 3 million people left homeless.
• 2009 - Massive displacements of over 3 million people occurred due to military operations against Islamic militants in the then North West Frontier Province.
• 2010 - Flooding due to unprecedented monsoon rains between July – September 2010, in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Sindh, Punjab and Baluchistan provinces leading to rivers breaking their banks the length of Pakistan, and large areas of Sindh being under water for months. 84 of Pakistan?s 121 districts and 20 million people, around one in eight Pakistanis, were affected by the floods. At the height of the inundation, 20 percent of the country was under water. Fewer than two thousand people were killed but around 1.74 million houses were damaged or destroyed and 14 million people were in need of immediate humanitarian aid.
• The combination of the 2009 and 2010 events noted above lead to Pakistan being faced with the largest internal displacement crisis the world has faced this century. In response to the flooding in 2010, the UN launched an Initial Floods and Emergency Response Plan (PIFERP) of $459 million increasing it later to over $2 billion, the UN?s largest ever appeal. The presence of standing water left large areas of agricultural land uncultivable, led to loss of livelihoods and caused wide-scale of water and sanitation related disease. The World Bank and Asian Development Bank estimated the 2010 flooding disaster cost to Pakistan at $9.7 billion (5.8% GDP) through loss of livestock, fodder, crops and food stores, damage to housing and infrastructure and the impact on education, water and sanitation services.